SeanAUS120 said...
So when they say a Space Shuttle is orbiting the planet at Mach 25. It's just a lazy way of saying they're doing +27000km/h or so, right?
I think when they quote a mach speed for space shuttles it's usually taken in reference to the speed of sound at sea level and standard temp and pressure, which makes it around 760 miles per hour. (or 340 metres per second)
So mach 25 would be 19,000 miles per hour.
The re-entry velocity varies according to the altitude the spacecraft was orbiting at. Anything in earth orbit will have a re-entry velocity of something less than 25,000 miles per hour because anything faster than that is in excess of the earths escape velocity. In other words, if they were going faster than 25,000 miles an hour they would have simply left earth and kept going out.
The formulae which govern all that stuff are surprisingly simple and are mostly the same ones Mr Newton came up with a few hundred years ago regarding swinging a rock around in a sock. f = mv^2 / r , and for a stable orbit, the centrifical force f also has to exactly equal the force of gravity at that altitude, keeping in mind that gravity decreases as radius "r" increases. i.e. as altitude increases.
Most people think that a space shuttle in stable earth orbit has escaped earths gravity.
It has not.
If they put on the handbrake and stopped they would do exactly what Felix Watsizname did and tumble straight back to earth,. at 19,000 miles an hour.
It would be very spectacular,. for a short while.