Marine stinger identification wanted

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wendell
wendell
NSW
156 posts
NSW, 156 posts
13 Aug 2010 1:18am
Launching at Bagnalls, Port Stephens, NSW, today, one metre off the shore where the weed starts, I stepped on something that felt somewhere between a jellyfish and a soft rubbery fish. I only felt/was aware of a few inches of it. A fraction of a second later I felt the sting, instantly followed by a moderate pain of the poison rather than puncture kind. The wound was about 1mm across, elongated. Sailed for 30 minutes, pain increased only slightly in that time, then I got out and pain increased to at its worst, a little this side of "unbearable". For the next few hours the pain varied a little for a few minutes at a time, for no apparent reason. Got home, put foot in hot water 4 hours after the sting, within seconds the pain became only mild. Took foot out when the water cooled and after about one minute the pain was the worst yet (so if this happens to you I suggest avoiding starting the hot water treatment unless you know you can keep it up for hours.) Another 3 hours of keeping the hot water up to it, after which I could go without the water with only mild pain. Another 5 hours and it's nearly normal.

Any ideas what the critter was?

It sounds just like a cobbler sting except:
I didn't think they were on the east coast, though Googling now suggests there may be a few?
With cobblers people need the water so hot they often burn themselves but I didn't even need it hot enough to be uncomfortable.

When I was in WA I was told that when you step on a cobbler it flips its tail up and over and stings you on the top of the foot, but my Googling said the stingers/spines are on their back so you just step on the stinger. Sounds like I was told wrongly?
stehsegler
stehsegler
WA
3571 posts
WA, 3571 posts
13 Aug 2010 12:46am
A stingray perhaps?

RE putting your foot into hot water and the pain subsiding... while I am not a doctor I assume this could be due to the the toxins (assuming any where involved in this incidence) are being broken down by the heat of the water.
adamhatfield
adamhatfield
NSW
171 posts
NSW, 171 posts
13 Aug 2010 9:57am
Exactly the same thing happened to me at Valentine Lake Macquarie a couple of months ago.

Stood on something and just thought it was a shell, realised my foot was bleeding and the pain just built and built. After an hour or so my entire leg up to my knee was in agony.

A bit of googling and did the hot water trick, it helped but not completely.

Foot only stopped hurting the next day, but I was still limping for a week.

Only thing I thought it could be was a bull rout, but no idea if thats the case.
Windxtasy
Windxtasy
WA
4019 posts
WA, 4019 posts
13 Aug 2010 10:43am
was the sting on top of your foot or underneath?
wendell
wendell
NSW
156 posts
NSW, 156 posts
13 Aug 2010 1:31pm
The sting was on the side of my foot, on the inside.

Yes I wondered about a stingray but think I would probably have felt something that large move away.

Regarding why hot water works, people say it denatures the enzyme but there are problems with that idea. Another idea is that the pain of the heat overwhelms the pain of the sting but that also seems wrong because even just warm water helped me, and it was never uncomfortably hot. Though I can imagine that helps somewhat with cobblers since the water is so hot it burns, although I presume they get burnt because they're not feeling the heat so maybe not ...

Other clues:
It swelled slight/moderate for one inch around the sting.
The pain only extended a few inches from the sting and that area was mildly swollen.
I did a few tests on it - elevating the leg made it more painful, and so did cold tap water.
Sailhack
Sailhack
VIC
5000 posts
VIC, 5000 posts
13 Aug 2010 1:59pm
Stood on a flathead once, and I've seen a few people spiked by guernards, similar symptoms. Most marine creatures have some form of defense mechanism.

Also, you mentioned that you were in the weedy area, possibly a type of coral also...there would be many 'creatures' that would cause that sting. Also, the algae & bacteria in the water alone could cause that sort of pain if exposed to an open wound.

KenHo
KenHo
NSW
1353 posts
NSW, 1353 posts
13 Aug 2010 4:11pm
My old book "Dangerous MArine Animals of the Indo-PAcific region" by Carl Edmonds would have the answer in it.

Things like bull-rout etc, I think will give stings like this.
Similar to a stone-fish, but much less severity.

Don't have it with me.
aquaplane
aquaplane
WA
17 posts
WA, 17 posts
13 Aug 2010 3:59pm
i think the hot water only isolates the venom, so when the temperature reverts to normal the pain starts again as the toxins start moving around again..
racerX
racerX
463 posts
463 posts
13 Aug 2010 5:54pm
I was told that hot water breaks down the protein in the venom. The quicker you do it the better, the longer you leave it the less effective the treatment, if you leave it too long you going to be sore for a while...

I got stung by a weaver fish last summer, in the UK, which requires the same treatment, did not hurt at all at first, wasn't sure what the fuss was all about... until 20min later.
Mark _australia
Mark _australia
WA
23647 posts
WA, 23647 posts
13 Aug 2010 8:01pm
aquaplane said...

i think the hot water only isolates the venom, so when the temperature reverts to normal the pain starts again as the toxins start moving around again..


I think you'd find the opposite- heat causes vasodilation, the capillaries open up and the blood flow is greater. That is why you go red if dunkeing bits in hot water.

So the heat breaks down the venom as stated, but maybe the increased blood flow moves it away faster so it is metabolised elsewhere in the body
saltiest1
saltiest1
NSW
2568 posts
NSW, 2568 posts
14 Aug 2010 12:58am
Mark _australia said...

aquaplane said...

i think the hot water only isolates the venom, so when the temperature reverts to normal the pain starts again as the toxins start moving around again..


I think you'd find the opposite- heat causes vasodilation, the capillaries open up and the blood flow is greater. That is why you go red if dunkeing bits in hot water.

So the heat breaks down the venom as stated, but maybe the increased blood flow moves it away faster so it is metabolised elsewhere in the body




think of the protein like an egg. stops it spreading.
saltiest1
saltiest1
NSW
2568 posts
NSW, 2568 posts
14 Aug 2010 1:05am
theres a fish we used to call "poor mans lobster" which is kinda like a stone fish but pinky / red and hangs around weed & rocks. has a small spine on the back of its head.
has a similar protein based venom it injects.
if you step on one, you need to do the hot water treatment asap as in yesterday and itll stop it pretty quick.
when spearfishing on the east coast, when desperate, we used to eat them and theyre not bad but boney.
mate of mine stepped on one in the low tide wash zone on sand. said they hurt like hell.
stehsegler
stehsegler
WA
3571 posts
WA, 3571 posts
13 Aug 2010 11:27pm
adamhatfield said...
Only thing I thought it could be was a bull rout, but no idea if thats the case.


Just googled that... man that's one fuggly fish.
elmo
elmo
WA
8890 posts
WA, 8890 posts
13 Aug 2010 11:43pm
Well I got stung by my fifth cobbler tonight so I'm getting a bit of practical experience with dealing with it.

Wheat heat packs are vastly superior to buckets of hot water, less chance of burns and a lot easier to move around

Air activated heat packs (available from chemists) can be adhered to the bottom of your foot and worn in shoes / boots and will also alleviate the pain, they also last for around 8 hours.
holgs
holgs
WA
303 posts
WA, 303 posts
14 Aug 2010 12:00am
The commonly quoted explanation is that the protein is denatured by heat i.e. scrambled like the egg. Once in this form, the protein's properties change, so that it may no longer act as a "poison" to cause pain.

Proteins from marine creatures are thought to denature at lower temperature than the human proteins in your foot.

The problem with this explanation is that it doesn't explain the common phenomenon that the pain returns as soon as you take the foot out of the water. Once the protein is denatured, it cannot change back to its original shape (just like you can't turn the egg into liquid again after you have scrambled it).

There is no doubt that hot water (45 deg C) is effective first aid treatment for penetrating marine envenomation such as catfish (cobblers), stonefish, sea urchins, sting rays bullrout, scorpionfish lionfish etc. The explanation of why it works however is still a bit of a mystery. There is also an antivenom for stonefish.

Always remember to put the other foot in the hot water as well to make sure that it's not that hot that you burn yourself.
If it's still really sore despite the hot water then see a doctor who can inject local anaesthetic around your ankle to numb the foot. Make sure that there are no broken off bits as they often cause infection.


I stood on something stingy at Lancelin a couple of weeks ago. The pain was only really bad for an hour or so and eased off even before I could get to hot water. It was still a bit sore to walk on for a week though. Not really sure what it was. Cobblers are quite common there but the pain usually lasts for longer.


Stingrays don't sting underneath your foot. The bony spur that stings is in the tail which they flip up and hit you in the leg with. I've stood on quite a few rays and been lucky. It's pretty obvious if it's a stingray. It feels like a moving carpet under your foot as it takes off.

Cobbler spines are on its back and head.

I must be bored on a Friday night typing all this.

mkseven
mkseven
QLD
2315 posts
QLD, 2315 posts
14 Aug 2010 4:36am
KenHo said...

My old book "Dangerous MArine Animals of the Indo-PAcific region" by Carl Edmonds would have the answer in it.

Things like bull-rout etc, I think will give stings like this.
Similar to a stone-fish, but much less severity.

Don't have it with me.



Nah, experienced the joy of these as a kid- they say people dont remember pain, you never forget these if it a good sting. Initially it like 13 hypodermic needles going into foot then very intense sharp pain. Then it gets worse, i couldnt walk on that foot. Then just lots of pain for 4-6hrs, whole foot & half of lower leg swell up many times size of other foot. You wouldnt be sailing after stepping on one.

Couldve been anything, so many fish & corals will give an annoyingly painful sting for several hours.
saltiest1
saltiest1
NSW
2568 posts
Troppo
Troppo
WA
887 posts
WA, 887 posts
14 Aug 2010 9:11am
stehsegler said...

adamhatfield said...
Only thing I thought it could be was a bull rout, but no idea if thats the case.


Just googled that... man that's one fuggly fish.



Think they are freshwater fish. I caught one on a lure one day when I was fishin for barra back home. Ugly as a hat full of as s holes
mkseven
mkseven
QLD
2315 posts
QLD, 2315 posts
14 Aug 2010 4:25pm
They are both, live in brackish water but often washed down further. & yer not the most attractive fish. We used to regularly catch them in nets.

When I was growing up some kid died from stepping on one, think it was up round the top of the noosa river.

I suspect alot of stings that treated as stonefish in emergency departments are from bullrouts- they are alot more common.
sboardcrazy
sboardcrazy
NSW
8333 posts
NSW, 8333 posts
14 Aug 2010 8:37pm
I stood on a bullrout once years ago at Valentine.I kept sailing and noticed the pain a bit but @## the pain was bad when I stopped and I didnt have any adrenaline going on..
KenHo
KenHo
NSW
1353 posts
NSW, 1353 posts
14 Aug 2010 9:29pm
Close, but contains a few errors.
A protein depends on it's shape to be active. The shape is determined by the polypeptide sequence.
When a protein is denatured by heat or a few other things, it loses it's shape, and becomes inactive. If it returns to normal temperature, it regains it's shape, if the sequence is intact, which accounts for the return of pain.
Denaturing is not like scrambling an egg.



holgs said...

The commonly quoted explanation is that the protein is denatured by heat i.e. scrambled like the egg. Once in this form, the protein's properties change, so that it may no longer act as a "poison" to cause pain.

Proteins from marine creatures are thought to denature at lower temperature than the human proteins in your foot.

The problem with this explanation is that it doesn't explain the common phenomenon that the pain returns as soon as you take the foot out of the water. Once the protein is denatured, it cannot change back to its original shape (just like you can't turn the egg into liquid again after you have scrambled it).

There is no doubt that hot water (45 deg C) is effective first aid treatment for penetrating marine envenomation such as catfish (cobblers), stonefish, sea urchins, sting rays bullrout, scorpionfish lionfish etc. The explanation of why it works however is still a bit of a mystery. There is also an antivenom for stonefish.

Always remember to put the other foot in the hot water as well to make sure that it's not that hot that you burn yourself.
If it's still really sore despite the hot water then see a doctor who can inject local anaesthetic around your ankle to numb the foot. Make sure that there are no broken off bits as they often cause infection.


I stood on something stingy at Lancelin a couple of weeks ago. The pain was only really bad for an hour or so and eased off even before I could get to hot water. It was still a bit sore to walk on for a week though. Not really sure what it was. Cobblers are quite common there but the pain usually lasts for longer.


Stingrays don't sting underneath your foot. The bony spur that stings is in the tail which they flip up and hit you in the leg with. I've stood on quite a few rays and been lucky. It's pretty obvious if it's a stingray. It feels like a moving carpet under your foot as it takes off.

Cobbler spines are on its back and head.

I must be bored on a Friday night typing all this.




Yousurf
Yousurf
WA
165 posts
WA, 165 posts
14 Aug 2010 8:24pm
fortescue
saltiest1
saltiest1
NSW
2568 posts
NSW, 2568 posts
14 Aug 2010 10:44pm
elmo said...

Well I got stung by my fifth cobbler tonight so I'm getting a bit of practical experience with dealing with it.

Wheat heat packs are vastly superior to buckets of hot water, less chance of burns and a lot easier to move around

Air activated heat packs (available from chemists) can be adhered to the bottom of your foot and worn in shoes / boots and will also alleviate the pain, they also last for around 8 hours.


was that you guys at novara again? mate, why dont you let me know next time youre headed out, ill bring a line. youve got to be the best F.A.D. around here.
holgs
holgs
WA
303 posts
WA, 303 posts
15 Aug 2010 1:53pm
KenHo said...

Close, but contains a few errors.
A protein depends on it's shape to be active. The shape is determined by the polypeptide sequence.
When a protein is denatured by heat or a few other things, it loses it's shape, and becomes inactive. If it returns to normal temperature, it regains it's shape, if the sequence is intact, which accounts for the return of pain.
Denaturing is not like scrambling an egg.


We could get into a very nerdy debate here.

As you are aware, the protein consists of a long polypeptide chain (or chains). This chain is then folded onto itself in a complex way to give the protein its "shape", referred to as secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure. It is held in this shape by quite weak bonds (such as hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, non-polar hydrophobic interactions).

Heat and other insults (e.g. acids) breaks these weak bonds and allows the protein to unfold (i.e. change its shape). This occurs without breaking the polypeptide sequence or chain (which is held together by stronger covalent bonds). New bonds then form which hold it in this new shape even when the temperature returns back to normal. The shape of the protein molecule has changed but its polypeptide sequence has not. This process is called denaturation.

To reverse this denaturation requires energy to break these weak bonds again and also a replication of the conditions under which the protein was first formed inside the fish cell (e.g. temperature, pH, concentrations of various electrolytes, other solutes, plus/minus enzymes). Without these specific conditions, even with the application of energy to get over the unfavorable kinetics, the protein will not return to its original shape.

Hence denaturation (=change in shape) by heat is usually irreversible. The egg being an obvious example.

However, might it be conceivable that with very low heat only a couple of the weakest bonds break, leaving almost all of the "shape" intact so that it could possibly return back to its original "shape" spontaneously? Such a minor loss in shape might be just enough if it were to occur at the right place for it not to be able to interact with whatever it needs to in the foot (such as bind to pain receptors, or act as an enzyme to catalyze a specific reaction).

There would be a whole heap of other plausible sounding explanations of how heat changes the multiple biological processes that occur in the foot that finally result in the activation of pain nerve fibres.

I think we simply don't know for sure.

saltiest1
saltiest1
NSW
2568 posts
NSW, 2568 posts
16 Aug 2010 12:00am
holgs said...

KenHo said...

Close, but contains a few errors.
A protein depends on it's shape to be active. The shape is determined by the polypeptide sequence.
When a protein is denatured by heat or a few other things, it loses it's shape, and becomes inactive. If it returns to normal temperature, it regains it's shape, if the sequence is intact, which accounts for the return of pain.
Denaturing is not like scrambling an egg.


We could get into a very nerdy debate here.

As you are aware, the protein consists of a long polypeptide chain (or chains). This chain is then folded onto itself in a complex way to give the protein its "shape", referred to as secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure. It is held in this shape by quite weak bonds (such as hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, non-polar hydrophobic interactions).

Heat and other insults (e.g. acids) breaks these weak bonds and allows the protein to unfold (i.e. change its shape). This occurs without breaking the polypeptide sequence or chain (which is held together by stronger covalent bonds). New bonds then form which hold it in this new shape even when the temperature returns back to normal. The shape of the protein molecule has changed but its polypeptide sequence has not. This process is called denaturation.

To reverse this denaturation requires energy to break these weak bonds again and also a replication of the conditions under which the protein was first formed inside the fish cell (e.g. temperature, pH, concentrations of various electrolytes, other solutes, plus/minus enzymes). Without these specific conditions, even with the application of energy to get over the unfavorable kinetics, the protein will not return to its original shape.

Hence denaturation (=change in shape) by heat is usually irreversible. The egg being an obvious example.

However, might it be conceivable that with very low heat only a couple of the weakest bonds break, leaving almost all of the "shape" intact so that it could possibly return back to its original "shape" spontaneously? Such a minor loss in shape might be just enough if it were to occur at the right place for it not to be able to interact with whatever it needs to in the foot (such as bind to pain receptors, or act as an enzyme to catalyze a specific reaction).

There would be a whole heap of other plausible sounding explanations of how heat changes the multiple biological processes that occur in the foot that finally result in the activation of pain nerve fibres.

I think we simply don't know for sure.






drink beer.
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